Burger King's Position on Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Burger King's Position on Ethics - Term Paper Example Managing Documents First, Burger King has morals strategy archives directing parts of the firm’s activities. One of the four archives is the Code of Business Ethics and Conduct which controls the general firm activities. Through this strategy, Burger King focuses on â€Å"†¦taking no moral alternate routes of any sort. Uprightness and genuineness are basically not optional† (Burger King Corporation, 2009). The other one is the Code of Business Ethics and Conduct for Vendors that guides sellers on inward and client relations to guarantee moral practices. The Code of Conduct for Directors is Burger Kings third moral strategy archive. This archive subtleties the moral execution of the directors’ jobs in the firm. The last record the Code of Ethics for Executive Officers (Appendix 1) likewise clarifies how the senior administration at Burger King should execute their capacities in a moral way. The record recognize the unique difficulties presented by involving a uthority positions and the moral predicaments confronted, and afterward subtleties the means that guarantee moral carriage of obligations. Together, these four arrangement archives comprehensively set up Burger King’s position on morals in all the firm’s activities (Investor Relations, 2009). ... Burger King’s spending plan on Lobbying is extensively high-$135,289 in 2010-from which we can recognize support of an open situation on morals through the association of the Vice President heading morals and being a lobbyist. Notwithstanding, Burger King focuses on inside systems to guarantee moral activities and does little on an open morals position. This is a significant fall flat with respect to the firm as issues on morals are to a great extent influenced by the public’s discernment. Inward Guidelines The inside rules on morals rotate around directing issues of consideration and assorted variety, clashing interests, information security, money related announcing, food and drink wellbeing and quality, recruiting works on, speaking with the outside world and ensuring nature among other significant perspectives. The inner rules target guaranteeing morals frames a significant piece of Burger King’s organization culture and thus are thorough, covering every conc eivable viewpoint at which moral contemplations and situations may emerge. These Codes of Ethics strategy archives for the various degrees of workforce-representatives, sellers, chiefs and official officials viably spread parts of worker representative and worker open associations. Characterized Process The Burger King Corporation (2009) subtleties the inside procedure to follow if there should be an occurrence of a break of morals; first, every representative needs to comprehend the firm’s moral arrangements. In situations where a worker recognizes a penetrate of the firm’s moral strategy, he/she should answer to the head of morals, consistence official, human asset delegate or lawyer from the law office. Such data may be unveiled to the significant gatherings, with the reports paid attention to and immediately researched. Be that as it may,

The Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India: in Service for Sight

Financial aspects of Organization PATAGONIA Case * Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an expansive based development in business that urges organizations to assume liability for the effect of their exercises on clients, workers, networks and nature. Patagonia is a producer of excellent open air and experience sport dress. Patagonia have discovered unambiguous approaches to couple their products’ work and the brands ecological values.Their plan of action raises significant totals for natural causes and their mechanical development diminishes the ecological effect of their items. * How Patagonia transformed CSR into a serious advantageâ ? One significant issue for a decent administration has been the ability of the organization to make a benefit business yet with the craving to regard the earth. We may imagine that this duty to nature isn't an inside upper hand since it can raise expenses and hurt edges. Without a doubt naturally amicable approaches are not t he most monetarily savy.This issue is significant in light of the fact that Patagonia’s whole brand and business is related with protecting the earth. Be that as it may, remotely, this gave Patagonia an upper hand in view of the brand devotion it created. For instance, Patagonia’s existing client base rose in middle age to roughly 44 years of age in 2002. Remotely, this end up being a critical vital issue since rivalry brands like Columbia and North Face had the option to draw in more youthful socioeconomics, which spoke to a huge wellspring of future income.The organization had an especially solid promise to nature †to such an extent that the administration was put inside execute an arrangement of moderate development to advance a plan of action that is increasingly conscious of the earth. Past essentially easing back development, the organization has attempted a few activities for vitality effectiveness and reusing community for its client support and retail. Th is is show how the organization controls its development and decreases squander. Patagonia's techniques additionally show that a huge number of irrational business tips can prompt do great while expanding the main concern and this is the reason they got to where they are today. Is this upper hand feasible? In my brain, CSR is an upper hand. Right off the bat corporate social duty helps rise the organizations notoriety and distinction, which verifiably prompts an expansion in the business, insurance in the midst of emergency and in this way a more noteworthy upper hand. Regardless of whether certain activities may influence monetary execution on the present moment, they will in the long run lead to an expansion in the corporations’ long haul serious limit because of their advantageous impacts at society level and to the making of a great outside environment.Secondly, we may express that social duty is the enterprises reaction to the prerequisites of the earth, as in the compan ies’ own activities and objectives ought to be connected to the normal interests and significant propensities of the reference condition. It additionally gives an upper hand to the organizations themselves, helping them guarantee a manageable turn of events.

Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay Sample

Sixth Grade Persuasive Essay SampleSixth grade persuasive essay samples are an invaluable resource for developing a winning essay that will engage and interest your audience. These persuasive essays usually involve specific topics or types of issues that students want to discuss or have questions about, and an essay consultant can guide you through the process of writing a persuasive essay that will be suitable for sixth graders.The six persuasive essay samples that I would recommend to students are discussed below. There are four that focus on the sixth graders, and two that focus on seventh graders. The sixth graders should use different content than the seventh graders do, since they will be more mature and have more experience in reading and understanding materials than the seventh graders do.One of the persuasive essay samples is one about living in a school. Students might talk about coming home from school and how they had lunch or they got the bus and would go to school. Some sixth graders might think this is not persuasive, but if the seventh graders had an engaging essay, it might help them realize that the practice of eating lunch with their peers can help them learn things, and a persuasive essay like this might encourage them to practice the habit.Another persuasive essay sample that I would recommend for sixth graders is about homework and how it is difficult for them to get them done. They might talk about how having homework that takes so long makes them bored. With the seventh graders, it might be easier to explore this topic in their own words, but if the sixth graders read the essay they will see that it is compelling. Their sixth grade peers might not feel as strongly about this issue because they might be more accustomed to the strict structure of the academic system.Finally, another persuasive essay sample for sixth graders is about taking tests. These essays will allow them to evaluate their tests that were taken, as well as those that ha ve been taken previously. Students might take this approach with their eighth grade counterparts. This also enables the writers to take a different perspective on their essays, which is something that every persuasive essay needs to have.Using these persuasive essay samples, sixth graders can develop their own unique style and ways of approaching their essays. Of course, the same principals should be applied to their eighth grade classmates, but the approach might be a little different.To give you a clearer idea of what a persuasive essay sample for sixth graders looks like, below is an example of a persuasive essay sample. It is a text that talks about the success of seventh graders who have taken standardized tests and a lot of other things. Although seventh graders might not be interested in taking the test, it is possible that they might be interested in learning more about the world of standardized testing.As with the persuasive essay sample for seventh graders, the persuasive essay sample for sixth graders also needs to have a little variation in content. These students might be more resistant to taking tests than seventh graders might be, and it is important to include information about the importance of testing in their minds before the sixth grade students read the essay. Sixth graders will find the essay persuasive if they are curious about the importance of testing, but if they are not yet convinced, it is still possible to suggest that they learn more about it so that they can support the claims that the essay makes.

Analysis of the Persian Carpet Essay - 762 Words

Analysis of â€Å"The Persian Carpet† theme of selfishness and betrayal From Zachary Bleau-Prevost International Literature Instructor: E. Koper Champlain College Monday, 18 February 2013 Since beginning of times, humans need to make choices on a daily basis. Sometimes it goes for the best, however, it goes also for the worst. In the short story â€Å"The Persian Carpet†, the author Hanan al-Shaykh suggests that by making selfish choices, one’s relationship with important people in its life can be seriously damaged. In the short story, the narrator, which is the protagonist, suffers from self doubt as she gains a new perspective on her mother, the antagonist, as she finds out the latter has been lying to her for several months about the†¦show more content†¦In addition, the author helps the reader understand the selfishness of the mother when the reader finds out she have stole the Persian Carpet â€Å"several months before† (230) the divorce and puts the blame on Ilya, the poor blind man. Furthermore, the visit of the children is supposed to signal a fresh start for the family. The mother even emphasizes she wants the girls to come †Å"live with [them]† (229). Yet again, even if they meet in order to reunite, characterized by a situational irony, they see themselves separated because of her mother selfish decisions. In addition to characterization, al-Shaykh uses symbols in order to highlight the mother greediness and its repercussions. The Persian Carpet is a symbol of lies and betrayal of the mother, as the narrator discovers the truth about the carpet, which causes again deep confusion in the head of the young girl. â€Å"In confusion [†¦] [she] gave [her] mother a long look (229), signifying the turning point, which opens her eyes to the lies of her mother and finally comprehends that Ilya has been used as a object in their separation. Furthermore, the Carpet is also used as a personification. The author attributes the Persian Carpet a feeling of anger and deception, due to what it signifies, as previously discussed. In addition, a situational irony is also attributed with this symbolic item. Before, for the protagonist, the carpet was associated with a feeling ofShow MoreRelatedCultural Awareness. In This Paper, The Socio – Cultural1256 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Awareness In this paper, the socio – cultural analysis of the assigned nation – Iran – is presented. First, a brief discussion on the meaning of culture is discussed. Second, the five major characteristics that that define a culture are explained. Third, a detailed examination of the common cultural characteristics of Iran are presented. Specifically, the physical geography, military and conflict history, weather analysis and civil consideration with more emphasis on ‘power’ are discussedRead MoreFall of the Roman Empire1288 Words   |  6 Pageson things they wanted in China, Arabia, and India. Instead of spending money on staples which is needed goods they spent it on luxery goods which was things they wanted such as gold, marble, honey, wine, leather, perfume, diamonds, jewls, tigers, carpets, ect. The continual importing of those luxery goods contribute to Romes decaying society because they would be in debt with the other country. There was drainage to the empire of gold and silver. 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Through theRead MoreAzerbaijans Tourism Industry12172 Words   |  49 PagesProcess †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ Primary Research Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Research Methods †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Primary Research Design †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Research Procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter Four: Data Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Research Process Evaluation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ An Alignment of Theory and Practice †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A Model of Extension in Context of the Findings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter Five: Conclusion, Recommendations and OutlookRead MoreScm in Petroleum Industry5215 Words   |  21 Pagesessential source of energy and raw material for a large number of other industries. 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Current Issues 2.1 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 2.2 Global Financial Crisis 2.3 Global Demand of Natural Gas Consumption 3. Financial Analysis 3.1 Recent Financial Performance 3.2 DuPont Analysis 3.2.1 Importance of ROE 3.2.2 ROE Analysis 3.2.3 Profit

Brian Nichols †Atlanta Courthouse Killer

On March 11, 2005, Nichols was on trial for rape at the Fulton County Courthouse in Atlanta when he overpowered a female deputy, took her gun, and went into the courtroom where he trial was being held and shot the judge and a court reporter. Nichols is also charged with killing a sheriffs deputy who tried to stop his escape from the courthouse and shooting a federal agent at his home a few miles from the courthouse.Nichols escape set off one of the largest manhunts in Georgia history, which ended after he took Ashley Smith hostage in her apartment and she convinced him to let her leave and then called 9-1-1. Case Developments Brian Nichols Avoids Death Penalty Dec. 12, 2008 Brian Nichols, the convicted Atlanta Courthouse killer, avoided the death penalty when a jury deciding his fate deadlocked after four days of deliberation. The jury was split 9-3 in favor of giving Nichols the death penalty rather than life in prison. Atlanta Courthouse Killer Found GuiltyNov. 7, 2008After deliberating for 12 hours, a jury found the Atlanta Courthouse killer guilty of murder and dozens of other charges in connection with his deadly escape from the Fulton County Courthouse on March 11, 2005. Brian Nichols was found guilty of all 54 charges after pleading not guilty by reason of insanity. Previous Developments Ashley Smith Testifies Against Brian NicholsOct. 6, 2008 The woman who talked accused Atlanta Courthouse killer Brian Nichols into surrendering to police testified at his trial that she appealed to his religious beliefs while she was held captive by him in her apartment. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial UnderwaySept. 22, 2008After years of delays and nine weeks to select a jury of eight women and four men, the trial of accused Atlanta Courthouse shooter Brian Nichols got underway under high security Monday. Nichols has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity for killing a judge, court reporter and sheriffs deputy at the Fulton County Courthouse and a federal agent later that day. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial Finally BeginsJuly 10, 2008Jury selection has finally begun in the Atlanta Courthouse Shooting a day after Brian Nichols pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity to 54 counts, including the murders of four people. More than 600 witnesses are scheduled to testify in the high-profile trial which could last for months. Mental Exam Ordered for Brian NicholsJune 12, 2008A judge has ruled that prosecutors can have their own psychological expert examine Brian Nichols, who plans to claim he was insane when he shot his way out of an Atlanta courthouse in 2005. Nichols Wants New Judge RemovedApril 23, 2008Brian Nichols defense team claims the judge should recuse himself because he was a friend of one of the victims. Judge Keeps Jury Pool in Brian Nichols CaseApril 11, 2008The new judge in the Atlanta Courthouse Shooting case has ruled that the jury selection process will begin again in July where it left off before being interrupted by the controversy over the funding for the defense. Superior Court Judge Jim Bodiford issued a ruling that jury selection would continue July 10 from the original jury pool of 3,500. Courthouse Shooting Judge Steps DownJan. 30, 2008The controversial judge in the Atlanta Courthouse shooting trial of Brian Nichols has stepped down after a magazine article quoted him saying, everyone in the world knows he did it. County to Help Fund Brian Nichols DefenseJan. 15, 2008The death penalty trial of accused Atlanta Courthouse killer Brian Nichols could begin again as early as mid-March after the Fulton County Commission voted to spend $125,000 to help in his defense by paying for a psychiatric evaluation. Brian Nichols Murder Trial Delayed AgainNov. 16, 2007For the fifth time, the murder trial of accused Atlanta Courthouse Killer Brian Nichols has been delayed due to a lack of funds for his defense. Sticking to his guns despite growing criticism, Judge Hilton Fuller ruled that he will not start the trial until there is more money provided to Nichols defense team. DA Tries to Force Start of Nichols TrialNov. 2, 2007The Fulton County district attorney has filed a complaint with the Georgia Supreme Court in an effort to force the judge in the Atlanta Courthouse Shootings case to resume jury selection. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial to BeginOct. 15, 2007Security will be tight at the Fulton County courthouse this week as the trial of Brian Nichols begins in the same building he is accused of shooting his way out of almost three years ago. Lack of Money May Delay Brian Nichols TrialFeb. 12, 2007The trial of Brian Nichols in the Atlanta courthouse shooting case may be delayed because the agency in charge of paying his court-appointed attorneys is out of money. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial BeginsJan. 11, 2007Although there is absolutely no doubt about the guilt of the defendant, a long, drawn out and expensive trial is scheduled to begin in the same courthouse that also happens to be the scene of the crime. Brian Nichols Trial Delay RejectedDec. 22, 2006Superior Court Judge Hilton Fuller has rejected another defense motion that would have delayed the start of the trial of Brian Nichols. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial to Be Moved?Jan 30, 2006Attorneys for Brian Nichols have asked that his trial be moved to another courthouse, because the current one is the crime scene. Hostage Ashley Smith Gave Nichols MethSept. 28, 2005Ashley Smith, the woman who helped authorities capture Atlanta Courthouse killer Brian Nichols, says in her new book Unlikely Angel that she talked with him about her faith and gave him methamphetamine during her seven-hour hostage ordeal. Previous developments in the Atlanta Courthouse Shooting case: Two Arrested for Murder of Ashley Smiths HusbandJune 23, 2005Four years after Daniel (Mack) Smith was stabbed to death at an August, Georgia apartment complex, two men have been indicted and arrested for the stabbing death of the husband of Ashley Smith, the woman who convinced the Atlanta courthouse killer to turn himself into police. Death Penalty Sought for NicholsMay 5, 2005The Fulton County district attorney will seek the death penalty for the man accused of shooting his way out of an Atlanta courthouse, leaving four people dead and setting off the largest manhunt in Georgia history. Ashley Smith Collects $70,000 RewardMarch 24, 2005Ashley Smith was given $70,000 in reward money for helping authorities capture courthouse shooter Brian Nichols. Hostage: God Brought Him to My DoorMarch 14, 2005Ashley Smith, the 26-year-old hostage who notified police that the Atlanta Courthouse Killer wanted to turned himself in, read to Brian Nichols from The Purpose Driven Life, shared her personal faith, and prayed with him for more than seven hours in her Duluth, Georgia apartment. Courthouse Killer Waves White Flag to SurrenderMarch 12, 2005Brian Nichols, the man who killed three people in a Fulton County Courtroom Friday, waved a white flag to surrender to authorities after they surrounded a Metro Atlanta Area apartment that belonged to a woman who managed to call 911. Courthouse Killer Gives Cops the SlipMarch 11, 2005The manhunt for an Atlanta man who killed three people at the Fulton County Courthouse Friday morning became a lot more complicated when the vehicle the suspect was thought to be driving was found 14 hours later on a lower deck of the same parking from which it was supposedly stolen.

Aldof Hitler The Character Of Liesel Meminger And Adolf...

The protagonist, Liesel Meminger, is up against many antagonists in the novel such as human nature and its propensity for evil and Adolf Hitler. While Aldof Hitler is not a character in the novel per se, his actions and its consequences, such as the war and the Holocaust, functions as the novels central antagonist. In this novel, there are several different conflicts happening at once. The most overarching conflict in the novel is World War 2 due to Hitler. Liesel can be connected to Hitler through the power and love of words and human nature and its propensity for evil through the many losses of lives of people who were close to her. The resolution of the conflict is found after the bombing of Himmel Street when Leslie finds out everyone†¦show more content†¦The setting of the fictional novel The Book Thief is a sad bleak neighborhood on Himmel Street which is located in the fictional town of Molching, Germany. The setting takes place in the time of World War 2 around Janua ry of 1939 to some time in 1942. This setting makes the book more interesting due to the added conflicts of the war that appear to Leisel on top of the ones she already has. There are many themes to this novel such as criminality, courage, and love. But the most important theme is identity. In this novel, during World War 2, identity plays a huge role if one was Jewish. In order to stay alive, a Jew has to stay hidden. A wrong move can result in the death of one’s self or death of loved ones. one should not be hated for who they are, or in this case what religion one is. God made everybody different and unique in their own way. We dont have to be all alike, we can stand out. This is where courage takes place. One must have the courage to be who they are no matter if theyre hated or not. Liesel Meminger, the protagonist from The Book Thief, has many similarities and differences to Andrew Ender Wiggin, the protagonist from Ender’s Game. They both also handle their conflicts in similar ways as well. The protagonists both handled different yet similar conflicts both included wars during the novels. Andrew conflict was to defeat the buggers; but after, he lived out the rest of his life in space with his sister Valentine who came to live with him after he

Engineering Project Control for Schematic Design -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEngineering Project Control for Schematic Design. Answer: Project Governance refers to the framework of management within which the decisions relating to a project are made. It serves to provide a framework for decision making that is repeatable, logical and robust in a bid to govern the capital investments of an organization. Gate keeping refers to the process of filtration of information for dissemination for any modes of communication Stage Gate Approval is a project management technique where a project is divided into various stages or phases, which are separated from one another using decision points. Front end loading also known as pre-project planning, early project planning, conceptual planning, schematic design and feasibility analysis is the process of development of the concepts of projects as carried out in processing industries (Aschman, 2017, p.117). Design-Build is one of the systems used in delivering projects in the construction industry and involves the delivery in which one of the entities (the design-build team), works under the same contract as the owner of the project in the provision of construction and design services. Design-bid-build also referred to as design-tender traditional method is a system of project delivery where the owner or the agency of the project is contracted separately for entities of design and construction of a stipulated project (Aschman, 2017 p. 258). This method of project delivery is the ancient project delivery method and has a distinguishable aspect from build-design project delivery method. Deign-bid-build has three major sequential phases that lead to the delivery of the project: Design phase Bidding/ tender phase Construction phase EPCM, an abbreviation for Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management is a form of project delivery in which the client picks on a contractor who is to offer the management service of the project in totality on behalf of the client. In this arrangement, the contractor is tasked with the coordination of all procurement, design and construction works and is to ensure that the project goes on to completion as per the stipulated timelines (Aschman, 2017, p. 188). Depending on the arrangement between the client and the contractor, the contractor may or otherwise undertake the site work of the project. Construction contractors become involved in a project after the design and bidding during the project execution stage. The contractor is the individual that is tasked with the responsibility of the changing the construction drawings from the architect into the actual building (Merrow, 2011 p.211). The outcomes of mega industrial projects are least influenced by the contracting approach. According to Merrow, of greater importance and value is the quality of the people that are involved in a project and how to effect the project organization is. In his argument, he feels that there is no best contracting approach as every contracting approach can succeed. In this, he attempts to eliminate the traps in which clients use contracts as a scapegoat in which they pass the burden of the responsibility of the outcomes of the project to the contractor (Merrow, 2011 p.266). Contractors do not have the knowledge and skills to manage such possible risks or even the balance sheet in which they can absorb them. Concisely, Merrow advises that quality time should be spent organizing and shaping the project before the actual execution can formally be initiated. I agree with these sentiments in light of having a successful project. References Aschman A, Establishing a Fit For Purpose Project System,' Independent Analysis Newsletter, Vol. 9, December 2017. Merrow EW, Industrial Megaprojects, Concepts, Strategies and Practices for Success, Willey, 2011

Romeo free essay sample

English IINovember 24, 2013 The Differences between versions of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, can be changed in a variety of ways in order to help different audiences understand the very complex and tragic play. Two particular films that can compare in contrast are Gnomeo and Juliet, the Disney movie and the Leonardo DiCaprio version of Romeo and Juliet. While there are few similarities between the two films, the differences are evident; these prominent differences can be seen in the main characters, the plot, and intended audience. In Gnomeo and Juliet, the two characters meet completely by coincidence. They spotted a flower that they found marvelous and stunning, and Just happened to go out of both of their lawns Just to retrieve it at the same exact time, meeting and instantly becoming interested in one another. They were unaware that each was a descendant of the other family; contrastingly in Romeo and Juliet, they met at a cordial event; they were also unaware of the significant dissimilarity between their families. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although both versions of the play result in Romeo pursuing Juliet, the differences can be easily distinguished. In Gnomeo and Juliet, Gnomeo marries Juliet after the family feud resolves, unlike in the DiCaprio film, where Romeo and Juliet are secretly wedded without the knowledge of their parents. Considering the similarities, both characters in mutual movies fall in love at first sight, further leading to the constant need to see one another, which as in both movies, they began seeing each other in secret. As well as in the main characters, evident differences can be seen in the plot of the two movies, Romeo and Juliet andGnomeo and Juliet. Gnomeo and Juliets plot consists of the two main haracters falling in love by the male character having to win the admiration of the female character. After earning the disapproval of the female character, the male character strives to achieve his purpose of earning her love throughout the course of the animated film. In contrast, in Romeo and Juliet, the two main characters have a mutual admiration for each other. Throughout the film, the two characters attempt to achieve their purpose of seeing each other without the knowledge or consent of either set of parents. These contrasting plots prove the evident differences between the two previously mentioned movies. Furthermore, the contrast of the two movies Romeo and Juliet and Gnomeo and Juliet can be further seen in the differences of the intended audiences of the two films. The animated and light aspects of the film prove that the film intends to reach a younger demographic. In contrast, the filmRomeo and Juliet has a more serious and intimate setting, proving that this film attempts to reach out to a more mature audience. Overall, the differences between the main characters, plots, and intended audiences of the two films Romeo and Julietand Gnomeo and Juliet are significantly evident. romeo By keirakekkk

Aging Working Force Raising Retirement Age Essays - Free Essays

Aging Working Force Raising Retirement Age Essays - Free Essays Aging Working Force: Raising Retirement Age Introduction Recently, the birth rate is decreasing rapidly in Hong Kong. We are facing an ageing population problem and the labor force structure is imbalance. Whats more, the governments retirement plan is a failure as it does not provide enough financial assistance to them, both by publicly and privately managed plan. The elderly cannot afford the living after retirement by their private savings and insurance. We strongly suggest the government to set a clear regulation and extending the retirement age to remedy the problem. We will investigate other countries which are facing the same ageing problem and their decisions on extending the retirement age. Furthermore, there are lots of other ways to solve the problem. We will discuss three of them and compare the benefits and drawbacks on each alternative. Reason of the proposal Hong Kong has one of the worlds lowest birth rates0.9 per woman of child-bearing age, far below the replacement rate of 2.1. The city's elderly dependency ratio is set to rise from 161 per 1,000 in 2003 to 428 per 1,000 in 2033. That means more elderly dependents will have to be supported by a smaller working population. Look in the past; we could see that there is a trend of increasing dependency ratio. According to the report of demographic trends in Hong Kong, the Elderly dependency ratio is increasing rapidly from 97 to 168 during 1981 to 2006. The median age is increasing from 26.3 to 39.6. However, the percentage of Aged 014 is decreasing from 24.6 to 13.7. These figures suggest that the population is aging, together with a low birth rate the dependency is increasing in Hong Kong which creates a burden to the working force. In Figure X (Appendix 1), we can see that the longest bars of the graph is group 45-54, which has a population of 1400000. After 20 years this group of people will be supported by the people in the categories with shorter bars of which the gap in between is quite big. The difference between the population of the age group of 45-54 and 15-24 is nearly 350000. That means after twenty years, it will be harder for the major working labor force income to support the elderly living. Also, in the coming future, we believe that the shape of the graph will become an up-side-down triangle instead of a bell shape because of the low birth rate and death rate. This indicates that the dependency ratio i.e. pressure on the working force will be higher. However, we believe that the grey population can provide productivity to the society as well. From the data of labor force, we can see that the age group of 45-64 is growing from 32%to 38% from 2005 to 2010. Also, the labor force participation rate of age group 45-64 and 65 or above is increasing these years. This indicates the elder workers are becoming more important to Hong Kongs development, i.e. arising retirement age should be able to encourage a higher GDP as well. Figure y (Appendix 2) shows that the GDP is increasing in a slow manner. We believed that one reason would be lack of working force to boost up the figures. This would definitely affect the development on technology and other aspects such as education and social. From the survey of the government, we can see that nearly 90% of persons in the target group view that the stability of performance of relatively elder employees is stable and does not have any difference as compared to those of other ages. They even think that elder employees have higher performance on the concentration on work. Furthermore, nearly 40% of persons in the target group perceived that working experience is the main criterion considered by employers in employment related issues while only around 6% of them think that age is a main criterion in employment related issues. The majority have a belief that age does not affect employees performances. Therefore, raising the retirement age can help solving the problem of high dependency ratio and provide extra productivity to the society and hence contribute to higher GDP. Individual Perspective Loophole of Elderly Retirement Policies introduced by Government Ageing population with low birth rate

Retailing- Boots V Superdrug Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Retailing- Boots V Superdrug - Essay Example In order to remain competitive in the market, the retailers have to adapt some strategies in order to differentiate their business from others. In this report, the strategies adapted by two retailers; Boots and Superdrug based in the same market sector and segment have been compared. The report also evaluates the retail strategy as well as the implementation of those strategies in the light of its competitive environment. Both the retailers are present in the United Kingdom. In the end, both the retail businesses are compared using the SWOT analysis with the intention to provide a clear view of the business. The aim of this comparison is to analyze which retail business is more effective in today’s competitive environment and the strategies adapted by which of the two retailers are better than the other. BOOTS Boots is the one of the most recognizable businesses in United Kingdom. Being established in the 1849, the company has a strong heritage and wide range of products offer ed to customers. This is the main reason why the company is very well regarded by the customers. Boots is a very reputable brand in UK as well as in other parts of the world. It could be said that Boots in itself is a very strong brand and it owns several strong sub-brands as well which includes No.7, Soltan and Botanics. Boots is the member of Alliance Boots which was formed in the year 2005 to face the rising competition in the market. The alliance has helped the business to become the UK’s leading pharmacy and beauty retailer. With the merger, the company has remained focused on its philosophy of treating the customers fairly and equally. Moreover, the company has been expanding its offerings to further improve its profits. (Taylor, 2012a). MARKET SECTOR AND SEGMENT The market sector in which the company operates is the retail business and provides the customers with variety of products. The products being offered by the company includes; Health and beauty Personal care Co smetics and toiletries Baby care Dental care Bathroom toiletries Hair care Men’s toiletries Pharmacy services Skincare Perfumes Paper products OTC medicines (Bized, 2009) The company’s market segment is based on demographics; age. The company aims to provide the mature women; that are more health and beauty conscious, and would pay higher price than normal to look young and beautiful again. The company also provides the male customers with products to enhance their looks and to remain smart and handsome even at the maturity age. EVALUATION OF RETAIL STRATEGY IN LIGHT OF COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT Boots strategies to deal with the environment External environment or factors influence the businesses of retailers as well (Lusch, Dunne, & Gable, 1990).. Therefore it is important for retailers to formulate strategies to manage their external environment (Oldfield, Ian, & Malcolm, 2000). The strategies to deal with the environment adapted by Boots are as follows Strategies to d eal with the Political factors To deal with the political environment, the company always looks for flaws in the business and creates contingency plans for their vulnerability. The company also employs rigorous planning for the identification and assessment of political environment in order to remain ahead of schedule. Boots aims to operate in countries that are politically stable therefore the company does not actually face many problems from the

Engineers create artefacts and processes through design Essay - 1

Engineers create artefacts and processes through design - Essay Example From the definition, artifacts are designed systems or objects, with inclusion of all the results of the process The design process is a sequence of linear events that start at one point and end at one point. An engineer uses design process steps to identify a problem, create or formulate models that will solve or give a solution to the problem, and in a manner meet the need of the situation. Design process, it is normal for the engineer to jump back and forth the design steps in a process called iteration. In design models, decision making is the key to construction of processes and paths (CK-12 Foundation, 2010). During this phase a lot of basic mathematical, scientific, and engineering science theories and concepts are applied to convert optimally available resources to meet a stated objective (Philip G. Kosky, 2012). In engineering, to come up with a stable process, one has to pass through these fundamental elements; establish the criteria and objectives, synthesize and analyze the concepts available, construct models, and lastly evaluate and test the process. Engineers formulate and create engineering artifacts through the complete and integrated multi-step processes (Pahl, 2007). These steps include field research, idea conceptualization, a feasibility study and assessment, establishing design requirements, perform preliminary design, create a detailed design, production tool and planning design, then finally the artifact or product (Yousef Haik, 2010). Engineering design therefore is the gradual refinement of requirements and specification. This also can be defined as creative, and systematic application of mathematical and scientific principles to practical ends such as manufacture, design itself, operation of economical and efficient processes, structures, systems, and machines. The whole idea brings out the fact that engineering

Gambling Essay Essay Example for Free

Gambling Essay Essay The difference between gambling and buying stocks of companies is that you are betting on the future of the company and you have records you can research. If something terrible happens to the country, like a natural disaster, stocks will go down. If the country does well, the stock market will most likely go up. The key to doing well in the stock market is to research the companies you are trying to buy stock in. If you just pick a couple random companies to invest your well-earned money in, it would be more like gambling. It is possible to lose a large sum of money buying stocks if a company that was once flourishing has something bad happen. For example, those who owned stock in BP were probably doing all right until they had a vessel drop hundreds of thousands of oil into the gulf. Gambling in a casino, on the other hand is completely different. The house always a edge, and even though the edge is slim it still makes it so that the house will always win in the long run. If you are gambling in Vegas you better be using money you are willing to lose. In conclusion, if you do your homework and research and choose your stock right, more likely than not you will be making money. One thing is for sure I would feel safer tying my money up in the stock market than at the blackjack table.

Music And Stress Essay -- essays research papers

Music and Stress   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the first week of my self change project I monitored my stress levels and the way music effected the mental and physical aspects of stress. From monitoring this properly, I found that listening to music pleasing to me at the specifically different times I experienced stress did help reduce my internal feelings and physical changes. In carefully studying the various types of stress experienced I concluded that certain types of music more effectively reduced my stress and anxiety levels. The following paragraphs explain further the types of stress felt and the music that assisted in subsiding the symptoms of stress. Stress can be felt in several different forms, included here are the following ways I experienced stress. This step was found to be particularly important in past studies to learn specific Å’stress styles' and most importantly, what music reduced what symptoms of stress. There are six separate forms of stress that can be experienced. These are symptomatic in physical, behavioral, emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and relational aspects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical symptoms I personally experienced were: headaches (specifically tension headaches), nausea, dizziness, sleep difficulties, tight neck and shoulders, racing heart, trembling hands, and restlessness. Behavioral symptoms I felt were: a definite excess in smoking, bossiness towards others, compulsive gum chewing, I became critical of others, grinding of my teeth so hard that I am forced to wear a mouthpiece at night, and an inability to finish what I start. Some of the emotional symptoms included: crying, anxiety,nervousness, boredom, edginess, overwhelming sense of pressure, overwhelming anger, being unhappy for no reason, and very testy. Cognitive symptoms that I felt were: trouble thinking clearly, forgetfulness, writers block, long-term memory loss, inability to make decisions, and constant excessive worry. Spiritual aspects of stress that I felt: doubt, unforgiving, apathy, and a strong feeling for the need to prove myself. Examples of relational symptoms included: isolation, intolerance, resentment, clamming up, nagging/whining, distrust,and less contact with friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The importance of identifying interpersonal feelings helps with deciding what music would be most effective in reducing stres... ...nderstand that if she/he decided to change, she/he could. Future use of behavior change will most definitely come in handy. I already have a list of things I would like to change on my own time and knowing how and what to do will be more than enough motivation to get me going.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My major goals in this specific self-change project would be the reduction of anxiety and stress through music therapy. Hopefully this will follow me into the rest of my life, including stress in family life and in my chosen career. Secondary goals that I have acquired through study on the topic are actually using music therapy in my future career. To be specific, I would like to turn and use music along with psychodynamic therapy to help heal pediatric oncology patients. At this time in my college career, I feel that I am fulfilling my goals, but certainly not to their best. Hopefully, through this and other self-change projects, I can prepare myself for today and the future. Self-change is, I found, something that can only continue in your life if you use it . If you do follow through, eventually, the change will become a part of you and not a simple Å’behavior you don't like'.

Torts Memo

George sued Jerry under a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress, alleging various grievances. Jerry has moved to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that even if everything George alleges in the complaint is true, George has failed to allege an adequate basis for liability under a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress. The issue at hand is should the court deny the motion to dismiss.The essential elements of an action for intentional infliction of emotional distress in North Carolina are 1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant 2) which is intended to and does in fact cause 3) severe emotional distress. Extreme and outrageous conduct is conduct which exceeds all bounds usually tolerated by decent society. In Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N. C. 181, 204 (N. C. 1979), the courts ruled: â€Å"Although we find error in the grounds on which the Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of plaintiff's Count Number II, we nevertheless affirm the dismi ssal on other grounds.The requirement that plaintiff in a malicious prosecution action based on a prior civil proceeding show some special damage resulting therefrom, as discussed supra, is an essential, substantive element of the claim. † In Hogan v. Forsyth Country Club Co. , 317 N. C. 334, 346 S. E. 2d 141 (1986), the court decided: â€Å"We hold Pfeiffer's conduct, as shown by Hogan's forecast of evidence, was not such as to be reasonably regarded as â€Å"extreme and outrageous† so as to permit Hogan to recover for intentional infliction of mental distress. The facts in this case are similar to Hogan. The courts ruled that the facts in Hogan did not meet the standards for intentional infliction of emotional distress set in Stanback, and decided for the defendant. Both decisions state clearly that there must be some sort of special damage and that the damage must be â€Å"extreme and outrageous. † It is my opinion that the courts approve Jerry’s motio n to dismiss as the facts in this case do not meet the North Carolina standard for the infliction of emotional distress.

Synthesis of Co(Acac)3 - 1062 Words

Amanda Tran Date of lab: 04/25/05 Date submitted: 05/09/05 Chem 2130-3 Experiment 3: Synthesis of Co(acac-NO2)3 Introduction In this lab, Co(acac ·NO2)3 is synthesized using the Co(acac)3 complex produced in Experiment 2. The Co(acac)3 complex is used as a reagent instead of acacH because acacH cannot be directly converted to 3-nitroacetylacetone. Since Co(acac)3 is not stable in HNO3, Cu(NO3)2 and acetic anhydride are used in this reaction to produce the final product, Co(acac ·NO2)3. The exact mechanism of the reaction is unknown, however, it is believed to proceed as follows: 1) [pic] 2) [pic] Data and Calculations Table 1: Measurements of weights and melting point |†¦show more content†¦Some of the product was dark green, with a plastic-like consistency while some of the product was a lighter green, with a powder/paste-like consistency. Discussion The objective of this experiment was to synthesize Co(acac-NO2)3 using Co(acac)3 complex. This demonstrated that the reactivity of a ligand is changed when it is bound to a metal. The acetylacetone-Co3+ structure is similar to the structure of benzene, allowing for an electrophilic aromatic nitration of the central carbon. Copper nitrate trihydrate and acetic acid react to form acetyl nitrate, which then reacts with Co(acac)3 in ice water and sodium acetate to form a dark green oil. This oil was solidified using ethanol to form the final product, Co(acac-NO2)3. Analysis of the product showed the melting point to be 182-187 °C. Since this is lower than the literature MP, it was determined that the product was impure. 0.3510 g of the product was synthesized, a 76%Show MoreRelatedSynthesis of Co(Acac)31077 Words   |  5 Pagessubmitted: 05/09/05 Chem 2130-3 Experiment 3: Synthesis of Co(acac-NO2)3 Introduction In this lab, Co(acac ·NO2)3 is synthesized using the Co(acac)3 complex produced in Experiment 2. The Co(acac)3 complex is used as a reagent instead of acacH because acacH cannot be directly converted to 3-nitroacetylacetone. Since Co(acac)3 is not stable in HNO3, Cu(NO3)2 and acetic anhydride are used in this reaction to produce the final product, Co(acac ·NO2)3. The exact mechanism of theRead MorePreparation of Bis Acetylacetonao Copper 21382 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of other molecules or ions surrounding it. These can be considered to be attached to the central ion by co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds. The molecules or ions surrounding the central metal ion are called ligands. Simple ligands include water, ammonia, acetyl acetone and chloride ions. Ligand has active lone pairs of electrons in the outer energy level. These are used to form co-ordinate bonds with the metal ion. All ligands are lone pair donors. In other words, all ligands function as LewisRead MoreApplication Of Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to their superparamagnetic properties, high biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity to humans. For biomedical applications, some of their uses include both diagnostic and therapeutic in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [1, 2], drug delivery agents [3, 4], and as heat mediators in hyperthermia cancer treatment [5, 6]. Unmodified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have high surface/volume ratio, which cause magnetic dipole-dipole attractions that result in the formation of aggregates. The aggregation

The Theory Of Operant Conditioning - 1212 Words

Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. For example, when a lab rat presses a blue button, he receives a food pellet as a reward, but when he presses the red button he receives a mild electric shock. As a result, he learns to press the blue button but avoid the red button. The History of Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist B.F. Skinner, which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. As a behaviorist, Skinner believed that it was not really necessary to look at internal thoughts and motivations in order to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior. Through the first part of the 20th-century, behaviorism had become a major force within psychology. The ideas of John B. Watson dominated this school of thought early on. Watson focused on the principles of classical conditioning, once famously suggesting that he could take any person regardless of their background and train them to be anything he chose. Where the early behaviorists had focused their interests on associative learning, Skinner was more interested in how the consequences of people s actions influenced their behavior. Skinner used the term operant to refer t oShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning869 Words   |  4 Pagesthree and a half-year old Gertrude to whom I will apply the theory of operant conditioning to get her to meet a scheduled bed time. Her Mother is facing a steep learning curve with respect to; second language, new cultural, a newborn with a serious disease and isolated from her family (UK and Congo). It is of the utmost importance that we have Gertrude’s behaviour changed to ease the transition to Canada. Discussion Operant conditioning is happening in our everyday lives, it can be found at workRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1489 Words   |  6 PagesOperant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a form of learning where people or animals change their behavior because of the reinforcement given after a desired response. A good example of operant conditioning is, a teacher giving five percent of the marks to students, who have good attendance. The theory is useful in teaching programmed instructions, where the information is given in small bits to reinforce the responses (Litow Pumroy, 1975). Additionally, the theory can help in shaping students’Read MoreTheory of Operant Conditioning933 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Operant Conditioning Instrumental conditioning, otherwise known as operant conditioning is a theory that B.F Skinner came up with and is defined as a learning process by which the consequence of an operant response affects the likelihood of the response recurring in the future. Basically, operant conditioning is a stimulus response prototype that when reinforced, conditions individuals or organisms response to a desired behavior (Huitt, W., Hummel, J., 1997) Our behaviors are shapedRead MoreThe Theory of Operant Conditioning1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Theory of Operant Conditioning PSY390 October 6, 2014 Introduction The study of human behavior by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, and Watson is fascinating. These five psychologists each have different theories on human behavior. There are similarities and differences in each of the theories. Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, studied animals and formed the basis for behavioral psychology (Cherry, 2013). Edward Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning989 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning: Procrastination The principals of operant conditioning, teaches how having certain coping techniques can reward certain undesirable behaviors. Conditioning human behavior has been studied for many years, Psychologists Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner, have dedicated majority of their lives to the study. Thorndike’s theory Law of effect. Thorndike suggest that certain stimuli and response become connected or dissociated from each other. His experiment worked by placing a catRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1792 Words   |  8 PagesIn the textbook operant conditioning can be defined as â€Å"the control of behavior through manipulation of rewards and punishments in the environment, particularly the laboratory environment† (Cervone Pervin, 2013). B.F. skinner who created the operant conditioning procedure believed that all humans are controlled by the environments that they experience and that by changing the environment it is possible to reinforce a behavior that benefits e veryone (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Skinner also believedRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1934 Words   |  8 Pagesat the theory of Operant Conditioning and all the many aspects that go along with it. This theory of Operant Conditioning by B. F. Skinner is a great guideline that can be used in the classroom. Operant Conditioning is definitely a theory that can change the way a classroom is ran. Throughout this paper we will see what behaviorism is and what operant conditioning is as a whole, along with the educational implications of this theory. Biographical Background of (Theorist) The theory of Operant ConditioningRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagescame up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consistingRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesalso. Learning theories are conceptualized frameworks which describe how individuals absorb, process and retain information. Behaviorists such as John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Edwin R. Guthrie believed that all learners were passive in natu re and only responded to external stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Behaviorism And Operant Conditioning895 Words   |  4 Pages B.F Skinner Renowned American psychologist B.F. Skinner, well known for his theory on behaviorism and operant conditioning. He was the most influential 20th - century psychologist. His works includes â€Å"The Behavior of Organisms† (1938) which was about the results in his experiment with operant conditioning, and a novel based on his theories â€Å"Walden† (1948). He was not only a psychologist he was a behaviorist, teacher, author, inventor, and a social philosopher as well. Born as Burrhus Frederic

Effectiveness Of Academic Writing On Research Writing

Credibility in Research Writing Introduction There are different styles of scholarly writing and each of the writing has certain format that students will have to follow for their field of study. Research paper is one of the writing that students will encounter in their major classes. In my past Child Development class, especially CHDV 123 writing research paper was required in the class. After writing the literature review about observation and how the observer have to be sure that the information he or she present have to be valid, it made me think about credibility in research writing which help me develop my research question. Furthermore, with the research paper, we as students have to make sure that our research has credibility or the research is not valid. Therefore, credibility is crucial in this field. However, as a student who major in Child Development, we focus more on qualitative research which requires us to make sure that there is credibility in our paper. By having credibility in our paper, it allows us to bui ld trustworthiness in our research and eliminating the bias in our research. According to Kopala, she states that, â€Å"Trustworthiness also encompasses efforts to reduce or at the very least to make explicit sources of bias by the researcher.† (30) In this research report, my research question was wondering the importance of having credibility in research writing for Child Development major?† In this research, I will be using two different methods toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Academic Writing1024 Words   |  5 Pagesdocuments are used and published widely for everyone, writing has become an essential way of communicating. Although, the effectiveness of academic writing is a discussion among scholars its relevance should not be neglected. For some educators, academic writing does not add practicality to the students future career communication; for others, college-level writing is an essential learning tool. Moreover, students are struggled in understand acade mic writing real usefulness and try to avoid this disciplineRead MoreProgram And Academic Success Center844 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Writing Center (UWC) and Academic Success Center (ASC) are two of the university facilities that help students enrich their academic experience. While UWC assists students in improving their written and oral communication skills through one to one consulting sessions, online resources, and workshops, ASC works to enhance students’ intellectual performance through academic coaching, supplemental instruction, drop-in tutoring sessions, and peer mentoring. Both of the organizations take aRead MoreThe Importance Of Academic Writing1158 Words   |  5 PagesWriting has become an essential way of communication in a technological world in which our voice has been transformed into written words, through text messages, e-mails, and documents widely used and published by everyone. By being a critical issue, students are compelled to learn College -level writing in college; although, the effectiveness of Academic Writing is a discussion among scholars its relevance should not be neglected. For some educators, academic writing does not add practicality to theRead MoreWriting Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesI would like to research the lack of concern on the importance of physical education in middle school/high school students. My research will prove that physical activity in schools help activate the brain, improve on-task behavior during academic instruction time. I was amazed to learn of the correlation between regular physical movement and brain development in young children. What programs exist that would aid in my bringing movement - and by extension, greater brain development - to my studentsRead MoreComparative Outcomes Of Two Instructional Models For Students With Learning Disabilities1488 Words   |  6 PagesStudents with Learning Disabilities: Inclusion with Co-Teaching and Solo-Taught Special Education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 251-258. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Summary In the following study researchers compared two instructional approaches; co-teaching inclusion and solo-taught special education for students with learning disabilities in regard to their overall academic achievement. 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Therefore, the variables (age, intelligence, previous knowledge, total average in English courses of the students during the academic year 2014-2015 and the pre test of the academic self regulation have been controlled for both groups as s hown in Table 3. (3): Means , Variance and T -Value of the Five VariablesRead MoreThe University Writing Center And The Academic Success Center941 Words   |  4 PagesThe University Writing Center (UWC) and the Academic Success Center (ASC) are two of the university initiatives that help students enrich their academic experience. While UWC assists students in improving their written and oral communication skills through one to one consulting sessions, online resources, and workshops, ASC works to enhance students’ intellectual performance through academic coaching, supplemental instruction, drop-in tutoring sessions, and peer mentoring. Both of the organizationsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Turbocharger Design Effect On Gasoline Engine Performance 1255 Words   |  6 Pagesthere lies a problem. Rather, it is the ability of the researchers and academics to appropriately communicate their findings to others that is troublesome. Rhetorical analyses are critical in the understating and sharing of new scientific discoveries in the academic world. The authors must be clear and focused in their writing if their papers and articles are to be rhetorically effective. Ways to accomplish this include writing in the IMRAD format, being mindful of the intended audience, assuringRead MoreWhat Is Effective Instruction1417 Words   |  6 Pagesskills, is an effective teacher. According to Sanders (1996), research shows that students who are assigned with the most effective teachers in three years score as many 50 percentile points higher on achievement compared to students who are assigned to the least effective teachers (Sanders amp; Rivers, 1996). During years research has documented many of the effective practices for students that struggle in academic skills; reading, writing, and math. In few words all these practices are called Effective

Adam Smith free essay sample

Adam Smith is undoubtedly one of the most celebrated scholars of all time since his revolutionary theories on trade changed the way people engaged in commerce and ultimately the role of government in regulating trade within and without. Adam Smith was infuriated by the mercantile policies that sought to promote the accumulation of gold and silver and which emphasized strict government control on trade and the flow of resources and labor. In addition he did not view agriculture as the only means for society to satisfy its means and in his view such singular thoughts limited growth of all sectors. Smith believed in a system of natural liberty whose end he believed would be effective trade and significant expansion of trade through growth of sectors. He believed that human beings should be allowed to pursue their individual interest since in his own opinion this personal interest always ends up benefiting the whole of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Adam Smith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This system also has the capacity to correct imbalances that might result out of free trade. This is because a reduction in the supply of a commodity would result into increased demand for that commodity resulting into an increased cost of the commodity leading to increased production of the same in order to reap the increased profit. This would in turn lead to an increase in competition among the suppliers lowering the price of the commodity. This competition among traders prevents monopolistic behavior that would lead to exploitation of consumers. Smith explained that for great productivity to be achieved, self interest would lead to division of labor giving rise to specialization to particular tasks. This in turn leads to great skill in the specialized tasks, saving of important time and much needed innovations. Smith felt that wealth of nations was influenced by the amount of trade that existed between the inhabitants of towns and those in farms. He saw it as being vital for such trade to exist to provide market for both their commodities. On those who felt that lack of government interference might lead some to other countries where labor is cheaper, he felt that they would be stopped from doing so due to their nationalistic feelings and this will be ultimately for the good of the countries. Work Cited Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, vol. 39. Chicago, Ill.: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 195 Adam Smith free essay sample Adams Smith was a famous professor of moral psychology who set out simple principles designed the free the self-interest of the average working man. Adam Smith is famous for his â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, because it is one of the contemporary economic thoughts.   Adam Smith was born in a small village situated in Scotland. He was raised by a widowed mother until entering the University of Glasgow. He started studying at the University at the age of fourteen and such practice was usual in those times. Ten he attended Balliol College at Oxford. Smith graduated with proper knowledge in European literature and returned home. After delivering lectures, he became a chair of logic and moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow[1].In 1764 Adam Smith decided to leave academia and to each young duke of Buccleuch. Together they had been traveling for two years throughout Switzerland and France. It was an experience that â€Å"brought Smith into contact with contemporaries Voltaire, Francois Quesnay, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Jacques Turgot†[2]. We will write a custom essay sample on Adam Smith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Serving duke, Smith earned life pension and after retiring he wrote â€Å"The Wealth of Nation† being published firstly in 177. American Declaration of Independence was also signed this year. Later smith was appointed commissioner of customs, though that position was uncomfortable for him. It is known that Adam Smith had never been married. He died in 1790, July 19.Smith’s writings and ideas are likely to be the guidelines of bedrock of the American economic success. Smith provided information how to survive in capitalist country and to remain humane[3]. His ideas on economy and well-being are important for understanding the growing discomfort being experienced by American society.   Smith’s ideas were integral to the vision of the Founding Fathers. Therefore, his ideas found practical application in American nation. American dream nowadays is significantly magnified by globalization processes, technology developments, though social good is paid less attention[4].Actually, Adam Smith is respected for his attempts to explain the rational self-interest in terms of free-market economy ad how self-interest leads to economic development and well-being. Therefore, Smith ideas may seem as ruthless individualism concentrated on ethics and charity. It is admitted that Smith’s theory is based mostly on biology of human behavior. Factually, Adam Smith was the first to rationalize the human instincts and desires within the economic framework. Whybrow cites Smith arguing that contemporary society is driven by self-love and self-interest to achieve the desired outcomes. Most humans are hard-working and ingenious willing to achieve great social benefits. Smith asserts that it is the instinct of self-preservation. The essential complement is the instinctual curiosity meaning the desire to explore new places. Success of market society depends on individuals’ democracies and liberties as well as the freedom of expression. Adams summarized the keys to social improvements suggesting they were curiosity, self-interest, self-preservation, material gains and expressed ambitions.Adam Smith wrote: â€Å"How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature which interest him in the fortune of others and render their happiness necessary to him though he derives nothing from it except the pleasure of seeing it†[5]. As it is mentioned above, Smith was rather interested in explanation of self-interest. Therefore, he strongly objected to idea that self-interest or self-love was â€Å"was a principle which could never be virtuous in any degree†[6].Smith though that life of humans would be tough and difficult if humans’ â€Å"affections, which, by the very nature of our being, ought frequently to influence our conduct, could upon no occasion appear virtuous, or deserve esteem and commendation from anybody†[7]. He considered the notions of sympathy and self-interest ethical and stated they complemented each other. He explained that â€Å"man has almost constant occasion for the help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their benevolence only[8]†. Therefore, charity alone was unable to improve the quality of living. Further, self-interest could remedy and essentially improve living: â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest †[9].Smith argued that a person earning money would benefit not only himself, but also benefit society as earning income in competitive market suggested that he produced something valuable for to others. Smith claimed that it was necessary to direct industry in such a way that it would produce the greatest values to be able to promote economic well-being. â€Å"The Wealth of the Nations: reveals the ideas of causes and consequences of American prosperity. According to Smith, the main reason of prosperity is globalization and division of labor. Smith’s famous example of prosperity is based on pins.The central idea of Smith was to find out how labor and other resources should be applied the best to give individual am opportunity to benefit. Smith argued that individual would invest any resource such as land or labor in order to receive the highest return on it. Therefore, usage of resources should yield an equal rate of return. Otherwise, re-allocation should take place. This idea is central proposition to economic development. Using equality of returns, Smith tried to explain the difference in wage rates. Smith claimed that wage rates would be higher for traders, because they had to learn much and they wouldn’t be motivated in getting that job if they weren’t compensated by high wages. Actually, human capital is based on this concept.Also wage rates should be higher for people whose jobs are associated with dirtiness and danger – butchering, coal mining, hangman, etc. they perform odious job and, thus, should be compensated higher.    Briefly speaking, differences in wages rates should be based on differences in work peculiarities. Smith’s theory , for example, in Smith’s fourth book of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† he â€Å"tells Great Britain that her American colonies are not worth the cost of keeping†. He explained that British imperialism suggested excessively high costs[10].It is known that Adam Smith was against mercantilism stating that the practice of artificial maintenance of trade surplus wouldn’t improve nations’ well-being and would erroneous effort. Smith assumed that the main advantage of trade was that it provided new markets for surplus of goods and services at less cost from abroad. In such a way he launched succession of free trade economists who worked out the concept of comparative advantage (David Ricardo and John Stuart Mill). Adam Smith also realized the role of government in economic performance of the country. He claimed that the government had to enforce grant patents and contracts in order to stimulate emergence of new ides and inventions. Smith also admitted that government should pay attention to public roads and bridges, because it wouldn’t be worthwhile for individuals to provide[11].It is interesting to note that Smith in contrast to other believers, Smith promoted the idea of retaliatory tariffs. He thought it would ensure certain benefits for the country: â€Å"The recovery of a great foreign market will generally more than compensate the transitory inconvenience of paying dearer during a short time for some sorts of goods†[12]. Due to the fact that his economic ideas lasted longer than that of other economists’, Smith is considered alpha and omega of economic and political science. His study was one of the most systematic and comprehensive and his economic ideas are the basis of classical economic theory.BibliographyHenderson, David. (2002). Biography of Adam Smith. Retrieved February 24, 2007, from http://www.econlib.org/Library/Enc/bios/Smith.htmlLandry, Peter. (1997). Adam Smith. Retrieved February 24, 2007, from http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Smith.htmMuller, Jerry. (1995). Adam Smith in his Time and Ours: Designing the Descent Society. USA: Princeton University Press.Muller, Jerry. (2002). The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought. USA: Anchor Books.Teichgraeber, Richard. (1986).   Free Trade and Moral Philosophy: Rethinking the Sources of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations. USA: Anchor Books.Whybrow, Peter. (2006). Adam Smith’s American Dream: of Desire and Debt. New York: The City University of New York.

Last Of The Mohicans Differents Between The Book And Movie Essays

Last of the Mohicans: Differents Between the Book and Movie The book Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper was very different from the movie Last of the Mohicans in terms of the storyline. However, I feel that the producer and director of this movie did a good job of preserving Cooper's original vision of the classic American man surviving in the wilderness, while possibly presenting it better than the book originally did and in a more believable fashion to a late twentieth century reader. The makers of the movie Last of the Mohicans preserved Cooper's central ideas and themes very well, the most important of which is the question, what makes a man? Very few books that I have read contain such a clear sense of what a man should be as Last of the Mohicans. Cooper portrays the hero, Hawkeye, as brave, independent, and skillful in the ways of the woods. He is a tracker, he can hit a target with a bullet from any distance, he can fight the evil Iroquois Indians without batting so much as an eyelash. The makers of the movie take great pains to preserve these facets of Hawkeye, but then go beyond what Cooper originally laid down as the basis for his hero's character. In the book, Hawkeye displays very little feeling and the reader has very little empathy with him, even though he is the hero. In the movie, however, there is a great romance between Hawkeye and Cora that does not exist in the book. This romance adds a more human side to Hawkeye's character; it show s his caring side beyond all the hero-woodsman qualities--in other words, the non-Rambo, late twentieth century version of a hero. Every hero should have a woman at his side, and the makers of the movie, realizing this, transfer Cora from Uncas' side to Hawkeye's. This I think was a wise choice because it gave the viewer more things in common with the hero and thus made Hawkeye a more human hero and therefore more comprehensible to the late twentieth century viewer. One thing the makers of the movie attempted to keep was the vision portrayed in the book of sweeping landscapes, gigantic trees, dark forests, crashing waterfalls, and other impressive features of nature. This again was a wise choice, seeing as how part of Cooper's vision was the goodness and power of nature. However, once again I think the film presented this facet better than the book did, although this time it was not due to a feature Cooper left out but instead was simply due to the fact that film presents such features in a more vivid, more appealing way than pages of descriptive passage. (This again may be the bias of a late twentieth century viewer/reader, as we are used to having our images presented in a graphic, immediate way, rather than allowing our imaginations to conjure up pictures from the written word.) One thing the makers of the movie left out that was originally in the book was the character of David Gamut, the psalmist. Of all the characters in the book I felt his was best developed by Cooper; almost all of the others were cardboard characters with no depth. Gamut, however, is at the beginning portrayed as anything but a hero He is gawky, doesn't believe in killing other men (even Indians), and is something of what we would today call a nerd. However, he goes through many "trials by fire" and in the end is shaped into Cooper's version of the American man. David Gamut amused me as the story went along and his presence certainly lightened things up compared to the constant sense of foreboding that pervades the book. However, the movie makers sadly left out his character altogether. Though David Gamut was not an important part of Cooper's vision, he still played a part in it. He developed throughout the book from a wimpy coward to one who took up arms in the final battle, placing his life in God's hands and throwing caution to the wind. I cannot see a reason for removing his character other than the producers possibly wishing to remove all semblance of comedy from the movie and thus make it a very serious film. I think this is a stupid reason, because his character added much more to the story than a few jokes, and had I been the director I would have included his character, perhaps even embellished it in the same manner as

Security Policies in HATI

Employees of HATI may abuse their privileges. This leads to the emergence of the first vulnerability for this organization that occur in cases where these employees perform other functions, which are beyond their job responsibilities. On the same note, HATI employees may share classified information for the organization with third parties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Security Policies in HATI specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, HATI organization may face platform vulnerabilities for its laptops. Such situation leads to denial of services, corruption of data, or even unauthorized access to data (Cybercrime, 2012). An example of this is the â€Å"Blaster Worm†, which may deny the organization services in case the laptops have Windows 2000 as their operating system. Database communication protocols are also vulnerabilities for HATI Company. Figure 1: Vulnerabilities to an Organization SQL injectio n attack is one threat, which HATI organization may experience while performing its functions. SQL injection creates an opportunity for the attackers to access the whole database for an organization. HATI may also have a weak audit trail, which indicates that the organization may have higher risks in several levels, which include detection and recovery, deterrence, and regulatory risk. Furthermore, HATI may have a Denial of Service (DOS) attack, which may be created by several vulnerabilities. DOS techniques include network flooding and corruption of data among others (NIST, 2007). Finally, weak authentication for the database, as well as exposure of the back-up data for the database is a threat, which HATI organization may face while conducting its financial transactions. Personal opinion on the risks, which HATI faces, is that denial of service; weak authentication of database, privilege abuse, and weak audit trail of all data processes are the significant risks to the organizatio n. If the organization cannot control these risks it will eventually collapse due to the fact that the organization will incur losses, be attacked, and lose confidential data. Figure 1 shows how the organization may be at a risk because of a threat.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More HATI has an opportunity of using query-level access control (QLAC) as a measure of eliminating the vulnerabilities of employees’ privileges abuse. QLAC illustrates a mechanism, which has the power to restrict privileges of the database to the minimum operations of the SQL, as well as data. This mechanism has the ability of issuing an alert in case an employee is engaged in malicious activities. However, this mechanism needs to use SecureSphere’s Dynamic Profiling Technology, which enables the creation of various algorithms that contribute to the generation of query-level usage profile s for the organization employees (Perrin, 2009). In addition, HATI should develop a database access control which limits unspecified access to the database. HATI may also adopt intrusion prevention systems (IPS), which aid in the inspection of database traffic of any potential vulnerability. IPS does this by either blocking access to a procedure that is vulnerable, or procedures, which may result in an attack to the organization (Pfleeger, 2003). The functionality of IPS should be improved by the incorporation of query access control indicators, which determine whether requests correspond to normal behavior of users or not. An IPS has the ability of minimizing attacks as the one indicated in figure 2. Platform attacks for HATI can only be prevented by the adoption of intrusion prevention systems and having regular software updates. This will ensure that vulnerabilities, which the organization may experience over time, are minimized effectively. SQL injection, which may have tremendo us negative impacts on the processes and functions of HATI Company should be combated by combining three techniques, which are event correlation, query-level access control, and intrusion prevention (IPS). Weak authentication and audit of the database activities should be addressed by having a strong authentication and high performance of the auditing platform (Learning Space, 2012). On the same note, Denial of Service (DOS) should be combated by protection of database, applications, and networks. Finally, attack of database communication protocol should be prevented by adaptation of protocol validation measures. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Security Policies in HATI specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 2: Impact of an attack in an organization Characteristics of a policy statement A policy statement should be clear and easy to understand and should ensure that it delivers its message effectively. Further , the quality for such a statement should be measurable for employees to implement its concept effectively (Shulman, 2006). Moreover, a policy statement should be realistic and useful to an organization. Finally, the objectives of the policy statement should be aligned with the goals of the organization. Policy Statement Purpose: To provide adequate information on the necessity of protecting client and corporate data. Scope: This policy is applicable to all employees of HATI Company involved in the process of handling both client and corporate data. Henry Advanced Technology, Inc. (HATI) recognizes that client and corporate data are vulnerable to various threats. Handling data is a responsibility of each employee in the company since such data may lose its value or worth in case it is tampered with. Therefore, all members must depict higher levels of professionalism and responsibility while handling data for the organization. It is the policy for this company to: Ensure that the sa fety level of both client and corporate data is high. Data is not rendered unusable because of compromising the same. All employees stick to job responsibilities, which they are allocated and handle data at higher confidential levels. Employees do not engage in malicious acts of altering data, which is stored in their laptops. Employees will be held liable for any malicious acts detected while handling either client, or corporate data. Reference List Cybercrime. (2012). Financial Organizations Must Improve Data Security Practices. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Learning Space. (2012). Threats and Vulnerabilities.  Web. NIST. (2007). National Vulnerability Database (NVD).  Web. Perrin, C. (2009). Understanding Risk, Threat, and Vulnerability.  Web. Pfleeger, C. (2003). Security in Computing (3rd Ed). United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc. Shulman, A. (2006). Top Ten Database Security Threats.  Web. This essay on Security Policies in HATI was written and submitted by user Annabella K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.